Keynes refers to John Maynard Keynes, a British economist whose ideas revolutionized economic theory and policy in the 20th century. Keynesian economics is based on the belief that government intervention is necessary to stabilize the economy and promote economic growth. Keynes is best known for his advocacy of government spending and monetary policies to mitigate the effects of economic recessions and depressions. His work laid the foundation for modern macroeconomic theory and has had a lasting impact on economic policy around the world. **

Keynes' sentence "The difficulty lies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones" means that the challenge is not necessarily in coming up with new ideas, but in letting go of old, entrenched ways of thinking. It suggests that people may be resistant to change and may hold onto outdated beliefs, which can hinder progress and innovation. In order to move forward, it is important to be open-minded and willing to challenge existing paradigms. **

The Bronx has a reputation for being a dangerous area in New York, but like any urban area, it has both safe and less safe neighborhoods. While there are some areas with higher crime rates, there are also many safe and vibrant neighborhoods in the Bronx. Like any city, it's important to be aware of your surroundings and take precautions, but the Bronx is not uniformly dangerous. **

Keynes and Friedman were both influential economists, but they had different views on economic policy. Keynes believed in government intervention to manage the economy during times of recession, advocating for increased government spending to stimulate demand. On the other hand, Friedman believed in free markets and limited government intervention, emphasizing the importance of controlling inflation through monetary policy. Additionally, Keynes focused on the short run, while Friedman's theories were more long-term oriented. **

Keynes' statement regarding reparation payments should be evaluated as a critique of the harsh economic burden placed on Germany after World War I. He argued that the excessive reparations demanded by the Treaty of Versailles would cripple Germany's economy and hinder its ability to contribute to the global economy. Keynes' prediction proved to be accurate, as Germany struggled with hyperinflation and economic instability in the years following the treaty. His statement highlights the importance of considering the long-term economic consequences of punitive measures in international relations. **

No, New York City is not an island apart from the Bronx. The Bronx is actually one of the five boroughs of New York City, and it is connected to the rest of the city by land. The other four boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) are all part of the larger landmass of New York City, and are not separate islands. **

The Bronx Zoo typically receives over 2 million visitors per year. It is one of the largest metropolitan zoos in the world and is a popular attraction for both locals and tourists. The zoo offers a wide variety of animal exhibits and educational programs, making it a popular destination for families and animal lovers. **

Without being able to see the ivy in question, it is difficult to determine if it is fresh or not. Fresh ivy typically has vibrant green leaves that are firm to the touch. If the ivy appears wilted, discolored, or has dry, brittle leaves, it may not be fresh. It is best to visually inspect the ivy to determine its freshness. **